Call by value To understand this you have to be familiar with functions. Whenever we call a function we passed something to it in general we pass values of the variable to call the function Eg:- sum=calsum(a,b,c); f=factor(a); Call by reference To get this topic one concept you have to keep in mind that if we do anything in computer it get stored somewhere in the memory so instead of passing value of the variable if we are able to pass location of number ie:address of number then it is call by reference. If you are still not able to understand it then dont worry it's too tough for beginners but in time you will get the things Pointer Notation Consider:- i=3 Here i is the location name 3 is the value of the location 65524 is the location number To know the address ie location number you can use the program:- #include<stdio.h> int main() { int i=3; printf("Address of i=%u\n",&i); printf("Value of i=
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Engineering Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science of using a computer (program) to help think of solutions to solve a particular problem. This is especially very useful in the field of Engineering; due to the need of constantly trying to automate every process for improved efficiency. Every engineering field has benefitted from the use of AI, some more than others. Computer Engineering Computer Engineering is the primary field in which AI is used. Many companies are preferring AI programming over traditional programming as it allows their programs to be long lasting and avoids the constant need to update. Personal Assistant applications like Google Now, Siri and cortana heavily rely on the use of AI for predicting user behavior and voice recognition. Other application include video games, Purchase prediction, Smart cars, Fraud detection, Security services etc. Instrumentation Engineering Instrumentation Engineering primar